475Challenge Profile / EUNE
Snep#1234
Latest Riot challenge data cached by Lolytics.
Updated 1d ago
13,440
Challenge crystal
Platinum
Overall challenge tier
270
270 cached rows
May 8
Riot payload refresh
Challenge Progress
Earned and progressed challenges
270 cached challenges
Immediate Immobilization
#2,590 | Top 0.1% | 152,394
#2,590
Ladder placement
Insec-urity Breach
#5,564 | Top 0.1% | 11,504
#5,564
Ladder placement
Not Even a Scratch
#10,087 | Top 0.1% | 483
#10,087
Ladder placement
Gets The Wurm
#35,671 | Top 0.3% | 234
#35,671
Ladder placement
Meat Shield
#7,092 | Top 0.1% | 129
#7,092
Ladder placement
One-Trick
#6,844 | Top 0.1% | 1,967,715
#6,844
Ladder placement
Stun n Gun
#42,893 | Top 0.4% | 14,102
#42,893
Ladder placement
Go Where You Please
#30,068 | Top 0.3% | 7,145
#30,068
Ladder placement
The Jukes!
#-93,687 | Top 4.4% | 6,637
#1
Ladder placement
Dinner's Ready
#50,612 | Top 0.5% | 5,716
#50,612
Ladder placement
Making the Dream Work
#-34,557 | Top 1.6% | 1,633
#1
Ladder placement
KDA Player
#42,159 | Top 0.4% | 824
#42,159
Ladder placement
Ward Ward-en
#-29,749 | Top 1.4% | 729
#1
Ladder placement
Top Performer
#-29,737 | Top 1.4% | 667
#1
Ladder placement
Farm Champs not Camps
#77,717 | Top 0.7% | 507
#77,717
Ladder placement
Bouncer
#13,425 | Top 0.1% | 503
#13,425
Ladder placement
Got Your Back: 2023
#-38,505 | Top 1.8% | 227
#1
Ladder placement
Lethal Efficiency
#51,641 | Top 0.5% | 164
#51,641
Ladder placement
Wurm Fishing: 2024 Split 1
Top 0% | 89
89
Ladder threshold
Unkillable Demon King
#48,223 | Top 0.5% | 59
#48,223
Ladder placement
In Delightful Agony: 2023
Top 0% | 17
17
Ladder threshold
Death Fears Me: 2023
#-97,685 | Top 4.6% | 11
#1
Ladder placement
Overwhelming Presence
#202,252 | Top 1.9% | 4
#157,170
Ladder placement
Get Paid, and Get Out
#-127,965 | Top 4.8% | 21,854,367
#1
Ladder placement
Wise Master
#41,028 | Top 0.4% | 6,208,108
#41,028
Ladder placement
Ability Abuse
#-151,007 | Top 5.6% | 530,593
#1
Ladder placement
Everyone Pays!
#-130,852 | Top 4.9% | 387,846
#1
Ladder placement
Do These Things Have Souls?
#-159,228 | Top 5.9% | 237,473
#1
Ladder placement
Team Takedown
#-146,078 | Top 5.4% | 20,471
#1
Ladder placement
Above-Average Assistance
#-68,463 | Top 2.6% | 16,198
#1
Ladder placement
Hard Day's Killin'
#-104,475 | Top 3.9% | 11,530
#1
Ladder placement
Immediate Immobilization: 2023
#-358,082 | Top 13.3% | 9,237
#1
Ladder placement
Stun n Gun: 2024 Split 2
Top 7.6% | 3,750
Immobilize then takedown an enemy with an ally
Turret Toppler
#-186,200 | Top 6.9% | 3,492
#1
Ladder placement
Solo Bolo
#-84,527 | Top 3.2% | 3,361
#1
Ladder placement
Darkness is Everywhere
#-141,422 | Top 5.3% | 2,933
#1
Ladder placement
No Quarter
#-131,866 | Top 4.9% | 2,528
#1
Ladder placement
Brush Fanatic
#-128,293 | Top 4.8% | 2,315
#1
Ladder placement
Never Tell Me the Odds
#-108,378 | Top 4% | 2,240
#1
Ladder placement
Master of the Rift
#-111,335 | Top 6.7% | 1,835
#1
Ladder placement
Killing Spree Spree
#-186,975 | Top 7% | 1,397
#1
Ladder placement
Nice Try
#-121,802 | Top 4.5% | 1,345
#1
Ladder placement
I Shall Feast: 2023
#-216,631 | Top 8.1% | 1,194
#1
Ladder placement
The Fire Rises: 2024 Split 2
Top 10.7% | 1,173
Collect Infernal Cinders
Damage Dispenser
#-155,520 | Top 5.8% | 1,033
#1
Ladder placement
Movin' On Up
#-106,696 | Top 4.4% | 918
#1
Ladder placement
Executioner
#-97,670 | Top 3.6% | 785
#1
Ladder placement
Champion
Top 11.4% | 700
Earn progress from challenges in the Champion group
Wurm Fishing
#-139,933 | Top 5.2% | 680
#1
Ladder placement
Nullify the Void: 2024 Split 2
Top 6.7% | 660
Takedown Void Monsters
Golden
Top 4% | 520
Have more than 450 gold per minute in a game
Baron Power Play
#-121,747 | Top 4.5% | 510
#1
Ladder placement
Been Here a While
#-157,127 | Top 5.8% | 475
#1
Ladder placement
Synergy
Top 2.9% | 460
Earn progress from challenges in the Synergy group
Flawless Ace
#-112,257 | Top 4.2% | 446
#1
Ladder placement
Steadfast
Top 7.5% | 440
Earn progress from challenges in the Steadfast group
Top Diff
#23,299 | Top 0.2% | 440
#23,299
Ladder placement
On Another Level
#-121,357 | Top 4.5% | 427
#1
Ladder placement
Breakable: 2023
#-395,384 | Top 14.7% | 424
#1
Ladder placement
Adept
Top 3.3% | 360
Earn progress from challenges in the Adept group
Lane Domination
#-123,977 | Top 4.6% | 324
#1
Ladder placement
Nice Try: 2024 Split 2
Top 11% | 321
Kill enemies under your own turret
Outmanned, Never Outgunned: 2023
#-286,569 | Top 10.7% | 295
#1
Ladder placement
Jungle Diff
#59,107 | Top 0.6% | 268
#59,107
Ladder placement
Mystic
Top 2.7% | 260
Earn progress from challenges in the Mystic group
Shoddy Construction
#-152,152 | Top 5.7% | 239
#1
Ladder placement
Top Performer: 2024 Split 2
Top 3.6% | 195
Earn S- grade or higher
Shattered Plates
#-102,445 | Top 3.8% | 189
#1
Ladder placement
Bloodcrazed
Top 3.7% | 189
Get First Bloods
Target Selection
#-154,276 | Top 5.8% | 178
#1
Ladder placement
Style
Top 2.5% | 175
Earn progress from challenges in the Style group
Spice of Life
Top 11.2% | 172
Obtain <em>champions</em>
Lane Command
#-133,136 | Top 5% | 165
#1
Ladder placement
Legendary Legend
#-69,722 | Top 2.6% | 158
#1
Ladder placement
Soul Sweep
#-155,754 | Top 5.8% | 129
#1
Ladder placement
Uninhibited
Top 5.8% | 112
Win after losing an inhibitor
Incandescent
Top 11.5% | 78
Obtain <em>mage champions</em>
Indomitable
Top 9.3% | 76
Obtain <em>fighter champions</em>
Dedicated Master: 2024 Split 3
Top 3.1% | 60
Earn Mastery Milestones
Invisible
Top 10.8% | 51
Obtain <em>assassin champions</em>
No Capstone Unturned
Top 9.2% | 51
Reach Gold tier on Capstones
Invulnerable
Top 13.2% | 49
Obtain <em>tank champions</em>
Inspiring
Top 16.1% | 47
Obtain <em>support champions</em>
Rise Above the Rest: 2023
#-400,648 | Top 14.9% | 45
#1
Ladder placement
No Loyalty Among Dragons
Top 6.4% | 39
Take Elder Dragons when enemy has the Dragon Soul
Plant Tactics
#-97,701 | Top 3.6% | 39
#1
Ladder placement
Ingenious
Top 11.3% | 34
Obtain <em>marksman champions</em>
Open Victory
Top 14% | 31
Win with an open nexus
Clean Clears
#-50,650 | Top 1.9% | 26
#1
Ladder placement
Immortal
Top 3.2% | 25
Win a game with more than eight kills without dying
Darkness Distributor: 2024 Split 2
Top 4.9% | 22
Takedown the most wards in a game
Comeback Kids
Top 8% | 21
Win after being down 15 kills
Right Under Their Noses
Top 2.5% | 21
Recall while unseen by a nearby champion
Prodigy
Top 9.7% | 13
Become Legendary within 15 minutes
Forever Triumphant
Top 1.6% | 12
End season splits ranked Gold or higher
Victorious Regalia
Top 8.2% | 9
Collect <em>victorious champion skins</em>
Flawless Victory
Top 9.8% | 5
Win a Perfect Game
Made My Mark: 2023
Top 18.5% | 3
Win after being down 15 kills
Ladder Climber
Top 0.7% | 2 / 9
2
Ladder threshold
Field Medic
Top 4.8% | 1,113,660
Effectively heal or shield allies
Little Inanimate Spies
Top 6.3% | 14,882
Place Stealth Wards
EXPERTISE
Top 5.3% | 4,205
EXPERTISE capstone
VETERANCY
Top 5.4% | 3,510
VETERANCY capstone
Medal of Honor
Top 7.9% | 2,615
Earn progress from challenges in the Executioner, Commando, Resourceful, and Mystic groups
Give 'em Shell, Shelly
Top 6.1% | 1,655
Take turrets with Rift Herald
Lizard Hunting
Top 6.2% | 1,544
Take down Dragons
Scuttle Along Now
Top 2.8% | 1,513
Kill scuttle crabs
Might
Top 4.4% | 1,500
Earn progress from challenges in the Flair, Behemoth, Slayer, and Predator groups
Captain
Top 6.6% | 1,470
Earn progress from challenges in the Strategy, Demolition, Synergy, and Team Spirit groups
Determination
Top 11.3% | 1,280
Earn progress from challenges in the Monster Hunter, Steadfast, and Symbiosis groups
Ascendant
Top 7.4% | 1,260
Earn progress from challenges in the Domination, Unrivaled, and Perfection groups
2023 Seasonal
Top 14.5% | 960
Earn progress from challenges in the 2023 Seasonal group
Cleverness and Creativity
Top 6.8% | 940
Earn progress from challenges in the Style, Innovation, and Tactician groups
Multikill Madness
Top 8.8% | 913
Get Multikills
That Was Close
Top 1.7% | 700
Save an ally with a heal or shield
Commando
Top 6.2% | 680
Earn progress from challenges in the Commando group
2024 Seasonal: Split 2
Top 8.6% | 600
Earn progress from challenges in the 2024 Seasonal: Split 2 group
Resourceful
Top 8.5% | 570
Earn progress from challenges in the Resourceful group
Splitpush Strategy
Top 4% | 557
Take side lane turrets solo without dying
Magnum Opus
Top 2.6% | 415
Earn progress from challenges in the Magnum Opus group
Strategy
Top 9% | 405
Earn progress from challenges in the Strategy group
Slayer
Top 6.7% | 385
Earn progress from challenges in the Slayer group
Innovation
Top 7.3% | 385
Earn progress from challenges in the Innovation group
Domination
Top 8.6% | 385
Earn progress from challenges in the Domination group
Unrivaled
Top 6% | 385
Earn progress from challenges in the Unrivaled group
Monster Hunter
Top 9% | 360
Earn progress from challenges in the Monster Hunter group
Shell Collecting
Top 3.5% | 329
Take down Rift Heralds
The Brush Has Eyes
Top 7.9% | 324
Finish a game up 20% Vision Score
Flair
Top 6.7% | 315
Earn progress from challenges in the Flair group
Perfection
Top 8.7% | 310
Earn progress from challenges in the Perfection group
A Drake and a Hard Place
Top 6.3% | 293
Kill opponents with help from an Epic monster
Target Secured
Top 3.7% | 281
Secure Epic Monsters with the enemy jungler nearby
Symbiosis
Top 10.7% | 260
Earn progress from challenges in the Symbiosis group
Overachiever
Top 5% | 255
Earn progress from challenges in the Overachiever group
Alcove Gaming
Top 6.3% | 226
Take down opponents in the alcove
Team Spirit
Top 6.6% | 225
Earn progress from challenges in the Team Spirit group
Behemoth
Top 6.5% | 225
Earn progress from challenges in the Behemoth group
Visionary
Top 8.7% | 200
Earn progress from challenges in the Visionary group
Tactician
Top 6.9% | 160
Earn progress from challenges in the Tactician group
Pain Prescriber
Top 6.1% | 148
Deal the most damage to champions in the game
Two Shells are Better Than One
Top 7.5% | 132
Take both Rift Heralds in a game
Aggressive Positioning
Top 6.5% | 108
Get multikills after flashing towards an enemy
Get On My Level
Top 4.6% | 88
Get takedowns after gaining an early level advantage
Entitled
Top 5.5% | 82
Earn titles from challenges
Clutch Steal
Top 3.1% | 61
Steal Epic monsters
One Stone
Top 6.3% | 58
Kill two players with one ability cast
TY for Leash
Top 3.3% | 53
Steal an Epic Monster without Smite
The Brush Has Eyes: 2024 Split 1
Top 5.4% | 50
End the game with 20% more vision score than your role opponent
Pocket Picks: 2024 Split 3
Top 2.3% | 46
Complete a Mastery Set
Death Incarnate
Top 5.7% | 41
Take down 12 champions within 15 minutes
Incredible Value
Top 8.7% | 26
Kill two wards with one sweeper activation
Multi-Weapon Master
Top 10.2% | 20
Win with <em>different mythic items</em>
Trust Nothing But Me: 2023
Top 5.5% | 16
Get an assist streak of 12+ without dying
Can of Wurms
Top 22.5% | 9
Kill three Barons in a single game
Team Diff
Top 7.9% | 8
Score aces between minion spawn and 15 minutes
Lane Domination: 2024 Split 3
Top 9.3% | 6
Be up 20% gold and XP at 14min
Dragon's Fury
Top 7.9% | 6
Get multikills with Elder Dragon
Draconic Extinction
Top 21.8% | 5
Kill two Elder Dragons in a single game
It Has "Ultimate" In the Name!
Top 11.4% | 5
Win with a 5-stack with 3+ <em>champs with a large AOE ult</em>
Dine In
Top 2.6% | 46,573
Kill jungle monsters in your jungle
Dine Out
Top 3.4% | 5,071
Kill jungle monsters in the enemy jungle
TEAMWORK
Top 9.8% | 3,130
TEAMWORK capstone
COLLECTION
Top 13.7% | 1,595
COLLECTION capstone
Wave Goodbye
Top 34.8% | 1,296
Kill 20 minions within 3 Seconds
Sage
Top 5.3% | 795
Earn progress from challenges in the Guru, Virtuoso, and Ace groups
Fun with Friends
Top 11.9% | 451
Play games with a group
Buff Burglar
Top 5.2% | 390
Take enemy buffs
Predator
Top 5.9% | 355
Earn progress from challenges in the Predator group
Mastermind
Top 11.1% | 350
Earn progress from challenges in the Cornerstone and Visionary groups
2024 Seasonal: Split 1
Top 6.4% | 320
Earn progress from challenges in the 2024 Seasonal: Split 1 group
Guru
Top 7.1% | 275
Earn progress from challenges in the Guru group
Connoisseur
Top 8% | 270
Earn progress from challenges in the Connoisseur group
Ace
Top 7.7% | 265
Earn progress from challenges in the Ace group
2024 Seasonal: Split 3
Top 12.1% | 230
Earn points from challenges in the 2024 Seasonal: Split 3 group
Power Pair
Top 4.8% | 206
Win with a premade party of two in a ranked queue
Icon of the Rift
Top 16.6% | 194
Obtain Summoner Icons
Always On Time
Top 2.3% | 159
Kill Epic Monsters within 30 seconds of spawn
Treasure
Top 15.2% | 130
Earn progress from challenges in the Treasure group
Dragon On Too Long
Top 7% | 129
Take down first dragon before eight minutes
Challenges are Forever
Top 8.8% | 123
Reach Diamond tier on different challenges
Demolition
Top 6.8% | 120
Earn progress from challenges in the Demolition group
Mid Diff
Top 6% | 116
Win games as Mid
Emotive
Top 15.8% | 104
Obtain emotes
Fashion Forward
Top 12.9% | 103
Collect champion skins
Support Subsidy
Top 6.6% | 99
Fully complete your support quest in 14 minutes
Masterful Performance
Top 4.6% | 92
Reach Masters tier on different challenges
Synchronicity
Top 6.4% | 85
Earn progress from challenges in the Synchronicity group
Level 1 Fiesta
Top 10.7% | 51
Get takedowns before jungle camps spawn
Legendary Arms: 2024 Split 1
Top 6.2% | 51
Win Games with <em>different Legendary Items</em>
Fashionista
Top 7.3% | 36
Collect chromas
Ward Hunter
Top 5.4% | 13
Destroy 10 wards before 20 minutes
Always On Time: 2024 Split 1
Top 3.4% | 12
Kill Epic Monsters within 30 seconds of spawn
Can't Miss
Top 10.7% | 12
Land 20 skillshots before seven minutes
Stacks on Stacks on Stacks
Top 1.2% | 11
Fully stack Mejai's before 20 minutes
Who Needs 'Em
Top 35.3% | 6
Win a game despite an AFK teammate
Global Defense System
Top 21.2% | 5
Have a control ward in enemy jungle for 65+% of the game
Epic Steal
Top 5.4% | 2
Steal two Epic Monsters in one game
Right Under Their Noses: 2024 Split 1
Top 8.2% | 1
Recall while unseen by a nearby champion
Double Ace
Top 12.8% | 1
Have both teams be aced in the same fight
IMAGINATION
Top 18.1% | 1,000 / 1,200
IMAGINATION capstone
Virtuoso
Top 4.5% | 150 / 160
Earn progress from challenges in the Virtuoso group
Not Even Close
Top 41.4% | 141
Survive champion combat on single digit health
Fashionably Late
Top 1.7% | 131 / 375
Get a takedown after teleporting to a >4 champion fight
Cornerstone
Top 9.6% | 65 / 80
Earn progress from challenges in the Cornerstone group
Master Yourself
Top 3% | 63 / 75
Earn Mastery 5 on <em>different champions</em>
Leading by Example
Top 8.2% | 63 / 90
Get an assist streak of 12+ without dying
Darkness Distributer
Top 14.9% | 44 / 120
Take down the most wards in the game
Crab Wrangler
Top 8.4% | 37 / 75
Take both of the first scuttle crab spawns
The Most Dangerous Game
Top 7.4% | 32 / 35
As jungler, kill the enemy jungler in their jungle before 10 minutes
Master the Enemy (Legacy)
Top 3% | 32 / 40
Earn Mastery 7 on <em>different champions</em>
Blink and You'll Miss It
Top 14.9% | 30 / 40
Kill champions from full health in 1.5 seconds
Three Buffed
Top 6.9% | 23 / 25
Take 3 of the first 4 buff camps
Legendary Wardrobe
Top 7.3% | 15 / 20
Collect <em>legendary champion skins</em>
Ward Skin Collector
Top 21.7% | 15 / 20
Obtain ward skins
Flame Horizon
Top 13.9% | 15
Win games with 100+ more CS than role opponent
Winhibitors
Top 26.6% | 14
Destroy all three enemy inhibitors in under 25 minutes
Let's Make This Quick
Top 28.5% | 13
Destroy the enemy nexus in less than 15 minutes
Master Tank (Legacy)
Top 1.3% | 13 / 20
Get Mastery 7 on different <em>tanks</em>
Crab Wrangler: 2024 Split 1
Top 2.3% | 12 / 15
Take both of the first scuttle crab spawns
Mascot Mayhem
Top 11.1% | 9 / 10
Obtain Clash team logos
Happy Feet
Top 20.3% | 6
Dance with the Rift Herald in the enemy base
That Drip
Top 14.8% | 4 / 7
Collect many skins for a single champion
Whose Lane is it Anyway
Top 13.6% | 2
As a laner, get takedowns in all lanes before 10min
Hold That Pose
Top 15% | 2
Win with a 5-stack with 3+ <em>champs with 2+ immobilizing spells</em>
Damage Sponge
Top 6.8% | 2
In one fight, get kills while tanking all five enemies and survive
PENTAKIIIIIIIIL!!
Top 15.6% | 1
Get Pentakills
Get Over Here
Top 10.5% | 1
Win with a 5-stack with 3+ <em>champs with displacements</em>
Alliance
Top 18.3% | 245 / 620
Earn progress from challenges in the Clash, Synchronicity, Harmony, and Globetrotter groups
Support Diff
Top 9.1% | 68 / 75
Win games as a Support
Jack of All Champs
Top 10% | 50 / 75
Win games with <em>different champions</em>
Fancy Garb
Top 14% | 31 / 50
Collect <em>epic champion skins</em>
Superior Supporting
Top 10.7% | 30 / 50
Finish your support quest faster than your opponent
Vintage Look
Top 12% | 23 / 40
Collect <em>legacy champion skins</em>
Nowhere is Safe
Top 28.3% | 20
Take down champions in their fountain
Master Fighter (Legacy)
Top 1.9% | 15 / 20
Get Mastery 7 on different <em>fighters</em>
Master Assassin (Legacy)
Top 2.7% | 13 / 15
Get Mastery 7 on different <em>assassins</em>
Recursive
Top 6.3% | 10 / 15
Complete collection challenges
Support Subsidy: 2024 Split 1
Top 5% | 9 / 15
Fully complete your support quest within 14 minutes
Master Marksman (Legacy)
Top 5.6% | 7 / 10
Get Mastery 7 on different <em>marksmen</em>
Master Support (Legacy)
Top 5.1% | 6 / 10
Get Mastery 7 on different <em>supports</em>
Master Tank
Top 1% | 5 / 10
Get Mastery 10 on different <em>tanks</em>
Captain Jack
Top 10.3% | 3
Cleanse an immobilizing effect within 0.25s
A Honeyfruit a Day: 2024 Split 3
Top 16.6% | 3,898 / 4,500
Restore health through map-based healing sources
Harmony
Top 13.2% | 110 / 150
Earn progress from challenges in the Harmony group
Goodbye to the Darkness!
Top 20.2% | 73 / 100
Place Control Wards
Bot Diff
Top 13.1% | 37 / 50
Win games as a Bot Carry
Go Shelly Go!
Top 16.1% | 16 / 20
Take 2 turrets with the same Rift Herald
Perfectionist
Top 19.7% | 13 / 15
Earn an S+ grade with <em>different champions</em>
All-Seeing
Top 9.1% | 13 / 15
Have over 2 vision score per minute
Master the Enemy
Top 5.6% | 11 / 15
Earn Mastery 10 on <em>different champions</em>
Invincible
Top 15.5% | 9 / 10
Win without dying with <em>different champions</em>
Master Mage (Legacy)
Top 8.3% | 8 / 12
Get Mastery 7 on different <em>mages</em>
Master Assassin
Top 2.5% | 5 / 10
Get Mastery 10 on different <em>assassins</em>
Master Fighter
Top 2.1% | 5 / 12
Get Mastery 10 on different <em>fighters</em>
Ten Minute Turret
Top 13.8% | 4 / 5
Destroy the first turret in under 10 minutes
Master Marksman
Top 3.9% | 3 / 5
Get Mastery 10 on different <em>marksmen</em>
Haute Couture
Top 8.4% | 2 / 3
Collect <em>ultimate champion skins</em>
Arena Brawler
Top 17.4% | 5 / 20
Deal the most damage to champions in the game
Best Friends Forever
Top 23.9% | 3 / 5
Get wins with a premade of 5
Master Mage
Top 14.2% | 3 / 5
Get Mastery 10 on different <em>mages</em>
Double Down
Top 14.4% | 2 / 5
Get double kills
Same Penta, Different Champ
Top 15.6% | 1 / 3
Get a Pentakill with <em>different champions</em>
Master Support
Top 10.3% | 1 / 3
Get Mastery 10 on different <em>supports</em>
Brave The Darkness: 2023
Top 100% | 6 / 10
Place Control Wards
Solo Bolo: 2022
Top 100% | 4 / 10
Get solo kills
Sparkles & Fireworks: 2024 Split 2
Top 100% | 4 / 5
Participate in Fistbumps in matchmade games
Champion Ocean: 2024 Split 3
Top 100% | 4 / 5
Win games with <em>different champions</em>
Killing Spree Spree: 2022
Top 100% | 2 / 5
Get killing sprees
Power Pair: 2022
Top 100% | 1 / 5
Win with a premade party of two in a ranked queue
Arena Champion Ocean
Top 100% | 1 / 8
Play Arena games with <em>different champions</em>